LOPE RESERVE, GABON (Chimpanzees and Gorillas) Tutin, C. E. G., White, L. J. T., Williamson, E. A., Fernandez, M., & McPherson, G. (1994) List of Plant Species Identified in the Northern Part of the Lope Reserve, Gabon. TROPICS 3(3/4): 249-276. Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Dr. C.E.G. Tutin, C.I.R.M.F., B.P. 769, Franceville. Gabon Abstract Research on lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) began at the "Station d'Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes" in the Lope Reserve, central Gabon, in 1983 and is on-going. This paper lists 676 species of plants belonging to 91 families that occur in the 50 sq. km study area. Data on trees with diameters of 10 cm or more were collected systematically along line transects and opportunistic collections of fertile plants were made. For each plant species, the life-form, habitat preference and density (for trees recorded on transects) are listed. For plants that provide food for gorillas and chimpanzees, the part eaten is given. The plant species list is not complete but shows the flora of the SEGC study area to be diverse. The seven habitat types described range from Savanna to Closed Canopy Forest but the study area is dominated by Marantaceae Forest. Gorillas and chimpanzees at Lope have diverse diets and obtain food from plants in all of the habitat types. Some minor (in terms of area) habitats provide large amounts of food in particular seasons. Comparison of ape diets in different parts of Africa can only advance if vegetation inventories for each study site are compiled and published. [EDITED METHODS SECTION] Vegetation data presented in this paper were collected during studies with different aims, and hence methods vary somewhat. White (1992) conducted the most extensive vegetation survey: five 5 km line-transects were established across major drainage features (cf. Norton-Griffiths, 1978) in areas which had experienced different logging histories. Trees and lianes >=10 cm dbh were identified and measured in a strip 5m wide along each transect (providing a sample of 2.5 ha in each area), and trees >=70 cm dbh were similarly enumerated in a strip 50m wide (25 ha in each area). Figure 1 shows the location of the transects. Sites 1, 4 and 5 were within the SEGC study area, while Sites 2 and 3 were 35 km south-west, in an active logging concession and, as little information is available on ape diet in this area, these data are not included here. Williamson (1988) enumerated a sample of 4 ha of trees >=10 cm dbh in 10m wide strips along a line-transect and several elephant paths,! selected to sample various gorilla habitats within the SEGC study area. In addition ... systematic collections were made of plant species consumed by ...[VARIOUS] species of large mammal. ... Opportunistic botanical collections have been made of plants encountered in flower. Plant life-forms were defined as follows: Herb (H): Non woody monocotyledons and dicotyledons both free-standing and climbing, including grasses and sedges. Fern (F): Members of the Pteridophyta rooted in the ground. Epiphytic fern (Ep): Pteridophyta that are rooted on tree trunks or branches. Tree fern (Tf): Pteridophyta with rhizome rising like a tree trunk. Palm (P): Members of Palmae family. Liane (L): Climbing woody plants that depend on other vegetation for support. Shrub (S): Woody plants, often with multiple stems that do not exceed 2m in height. Climbing shrub (CS): Woody plants, often with multiple stems that do not exceed 2m height when free-standing but, if supported by other vegetation, can grow much higher. Tree (T): Woody plants, usually with single stems, growing to heights in excess of 2m. Epiphyte (Ep): Woody plants that require support of host early in life but may become free-standing once the host tree dies. Parasite (Pa): Plants wholly, or partly, dependent on other plants for nutrients. The habitat-types used here are broad categories combining vegetation types defined by White (1992) on the basis of species composition and structure and are defined as follows: Marantaceae Forest (MF): The canopy is discontinuous particularly in the middle storey allowing light to penetrate to the forest floor. The understorey is characterised by dense herbaceous growth of species of Marantaceae and Zingiberaceae. Closed Canopy Forest (CCF): Characterised by more continuous canopy cover, especially in the middle layer (10-20m). Herbaceous growth in the understorey is sparse. Forest-savanna interface (F/S): This interface is clear-cut in areas where savannas are subject to annual burning but less so if savannas are protected from fire, as progressive colonisation by woody vegetation occurs. Certain species of shrubs and trees are particularly common along edges although most also occur at lower densities in Marantaceae Forest. Savanna (S): Areas dominated by Graminae with scattered fire-resistant shrubs. Rocky (R): Vegetation growing in areas around rocky outcrops where the soil is thin. Trees rarely exceed 30 cm dbh and while the canopy can be closed, it is generally only 10-20 m high. Water (W): Marshes and the banks of permanent streams. Disturbed (D): Areas that have suffered disturbance from selective logging or road construction in the recent past. -------------------------------------------- FIELDS ARE SEPARATED BY T,U IN ALL THREE TABLES BELOW. -------------------------------------------- Table 1. Plant species identified in the SEGC study area in the Lope Reserve FAMILY,GENUS,SPECIES,LIFE-FORM (1),PLANT PART EATEN (2) -- GORILLA,PART EATEN -- CHIMP,HABITAT (3),"DENSITY >=10cm dbh; MF","DENSITY >=10cm dbh; CCF","DENSITY >=70cm dbh; MF","DENSITY >=70cm dbh; CCF" ACANTHACEAE,Anisotes,macrophylla,H,L,L,F/S,,,, ACANTHACEAE,Asystasia,gangetica,H,,,S,,,, ACANTHACEAE,?Dicliptera,LJTW 0022,S,,,MF; F/S,,,, ACANTHACEAE,Hypoestes,verticillaris ,H,,,MF; D,,,, ACANTHACEAE,Justicia,tenella,H,,,R (W),,,, ACANTHACEAE,Pseuderanthemum,tunicatum,H,,,W,,,, ACANTHACEAE,LJTW 0748,,S,,,CCF (W),,,, ACANTHACEAE,LJTW 0910,,H,,,MF (W),,,, AGAVACEAE,Dracaena,fragans,T,,,CCF,,,,* AGAVACEAE,Dracaena,sp. LJTW 0916,S,,,F,,,, AGAVACEAE,Sansevieria,sp. SEGC 565,H,,,R,,,, AMARYLLIDACEAE,Scadoxus,cinnabarinus,H,,,MF,,,, ANACARDIACEAE,Antrocaryon,klaineanum,T,F,F,F,*,40,*,4 ANACARDIACEAE,Lannea,welwitschii,T,,B,MF; R,20,6,, ANACARDIACEAE,Mangifera,indica,T,F,F,D,*,,*, ANACARDIACEAE,Pseudospondias,longifolia,T,F,F,MF,*,,, ANACARDIACEAE,Pseudospondias,microcarpa,T,F,F,W,60,*,2,* ANACARDIACEAE,Sorindeia,gilletii,T,F,F,MF,40,,, ANACARDIACEAE,Trichoscypha,acuminata,T,F,F,F,460,120,, ANACARDIACEAE,Trichoscypha,abut,T,F,F,CCF,*,200,, ANNONACEAE,Artabotrys,?rhopalocarpus,L,,,MF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Artobotrys,thomsonii,L,,,F/S,,,, ANNONACEAE,Cleistopholis,staudtii,T,,,MF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Enantia,chlorantha,T,F,F,F,500,200,, ANNONACEAE,Hexalobus,crispiflorus,T,F,F,CCF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Monanthotaxis,congoensis,CS,F,F,R; F/S,,,, ANNONACEAE,Monanthotaxis,declina,L,,,CCF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Monodora,angolensis,T,F,F,R,,,, ANNONACEAE,Pachypodanthium,staudtii,T,,,F/S,,*,, ANNONACEAE,Polyalthia,suaveolens var. gabonica,T,,F,F,160,480,, ANNONACEAE,Polyalthia,suaveolens var. suaveolens,T,,F,F,*,,, ANNONACEAE,Popowia,declina,L,L,F,MF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Uvaria,sp. SEGC 253,L,,F,MF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Uvaria,sp. SEGC 256,CS,F,F,R,,,, ANNONACEAE,Uvaria,sp. SEGC 262,L,,F,CCF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Uvariastrum,pierreanum,T,F,F,MF,260,,, ANNONACEAE,Uvariodendron,sp. LJTW 0706,S,,,MF,,,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,aethiopica,T,F,F,MF; F/S; D,480,##,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,hypolampra,T,F,F,F,440,40,2,* ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,parviflora,T,L,,F/S,*,,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,phloidora ,T,,,MF,220,,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,quintasii,T,F,F,MF,##,200,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,cf. quintasii,T,,,MF,*,,, ANNONACEAE,Xylopia,staudtii,T,,,CCF,,80,, ANNONACEAE,LJTW 0608,,T,,,MF,20,,, APOCYNACEAE,Alstonia,boonei,T,,,F,,,*,* APOCYNACEAE,Holarrhena,floribunda,T,,,F/S,*,,, APOCYNACEAE,Landolphia,cf. heudelotti,L,F,F,F/S; MF,,,, APOCYNACEAE,Landolphia,sp. LJTW 0079,L,,,D (W),,,, APOCYNACEAE,Landolphia,sp. SEGC 526,L,F,F,F/S,,,, APOCYNACEAE,Picralima,nitida,T,,,MF,*,,, APOCYNACEAE,Rauvolfia,macrophylla,T,,,F/S,*,,, APOCYNACEAE,Rauvolfia,vomitoria,T,,,F/S,*,,, APOCYNACEAE,Tabernaemontana,crassa,T,,,F/S,*,,, APOCYNACEAE,LJTW 0306,,L,F,F,MF,,,, APOCYNACEAE,LJTW 479,,T,,,CCF,,40,, ARACEAE,Anchomanes,difformis,H,L; P,,F,,,, ARACEAE,Nephytis,sp. LJTW 0480,H,,,W (CCF),,,, ARISTOLOCHIACEAE,Pararistolochia,flos-avis,L,,,F,,,, BALANOPHORACEAE,Thoninngia,sanguinea,Pa,,,F,,,, BALSAMINACEAE,Impatiens,sp. LJTW 0874,H,,,MF (W),,,, BEGONIACEAE,Begonia,spp. (at least 2 species),H,,,CCF,,,, BIGNONIACEAE,Kigelia,africana,T,,,F/S,*,,, BIGNONIACEAE,Newbouldia,laevis,T,,,MF,120,,, BIGNONIACEAE,Spathodea,campanulata,T,,,MF,*,,, BIXACACEAE,Bixa,orellana,S,,,F/S,,,, BOMBACACEAE,Ceiba,pentandra,T,,,F/S,40,,6, BORAGINACEAE,Cordia,cf. millenii,T,,,MF,*,,, BURSERACEAE,Aucoumea,klaineana,T,FL,FL,F; F/S,##,640,570,312 BURSERACEAE,Canarium,schweinfurthii,T,,F,F,*,*,10,20 BURSERACEAE,Dacryodes,buettneri,T,,F,F,520,##,72,272 BURSERACEAE,Dacryodes,edulis,T,,F,F,*,40,, BURSERACEAE,Dacryodes,klaineana,T,,F,CCF,,,, BURSERACEAE,Dacryodes,normandii,T,F,F,F,180,*,,* BURSERACEAE,Dacryodes,sp. LJTW 591,T,,,CCF,,40,, BURSERACEAE,Santiria,trimera,T,F,F,CCF,20,##,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Afzelia,bella,T,,,CCF (W),,*,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Afzelia,bipindensis,T,,,CCF,,,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Afzelia,sp. LJTW 450,T,,,CCF,,*,,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Amphimas,ferrugineus,T,,,CCF,,80,,8 CAESALPINIACEAE,Anthonotha,ferruginea,T,,,CCF,,120,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Anthonotha,macrophylla,T,,,MF,160,40,, CAESALPINIACEAE,?Anthonotha,sp. LJTW 0641,T,,,MF; F/S,*,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Aphanocalyx,emarginervatus,T,,,F/S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Augouardia,letestui,T,,,CCF,,##,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Baikiaea,insignis,T,,,F/S,*,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Berlinia,auriculata,T,,,W (CCF),,120,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Berlinia,bracteosa,T,L,,W (MF),180,,8, CAESALPINIACEAE,Calpocalyx,klainei,T,,,CCF,,640,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Cassia,mannii,T,,,F/S,*,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Cassia,mimosoides,H,,,S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Cassia,obtusifolia,CS,,,F/S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Copaifera,mildbraedii,T,,,CCF,,*,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Crudia,gabonensis,T,,,CCF,,*,,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Cryptosepalum,staudtii,T,S; L; B,S; L; B,F (W),*,*,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Cynometra,?mannii,T,,,F/S (W),,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Daniellia,klainei,T,,,CCF,*,*,2,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Detarium,macrocarpum,T,S; L,,MF,*,,10, CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,?bipindensis,T,,,CCF,,*,,8 CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,dinklagei,T,F,F,CCF,,160,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,lopense,T,F; S; L,F; S; L,F,280,160,2,16 CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,pachyphyllum ,T,F,F,CCF,,80,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,soyauxii,T,,,CCF,,##,,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Dialium,sp. SEGC 525,T,,,F/S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Distemonanthus,benthamianus,T,L,L; FL,F,40,40,12,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Duparquetia,orchidacea,L,,,F/S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Erythrophleum,ivorense,T,,,CCF,,,,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Eurypetalum,batesii,T,,,CCF,,40,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Gilbertiodendron,dewevrei,T,,,CCF,*,,*, CAESALPINIACEAE,Guibourtia,demeusii,T,,,CCF,,40,,4 CAESALPINIACEAE,Guibourtia,ehie,T,,,W (CCF),,40,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Guibourtia,tessmannii,T,,S,F,20,80,2,8 CAESALPINIACEAE,Hylodendron,gabunense,T,S,,F,300,*,28,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Hymenostegia,?klainei,T,,,F/S (W),,,*, CAESALPINIACEAE,Hymenostegia,pellegrinii,T,,,CCF,,240,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Julbernardia,brieyi,T,S; L; B,S; L; B,F/S; MF,20,,6, CAESALPINIACEAE,Julbernardia,seretii,T,,,CCF (W),,,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Mezoneuron,angolense,L,,,F/S,,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Neochevalierodendron,stephanii,T,,,F,120,40,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Paraberlinia,bifoliolata,T,,,CCF,,*,,24 CAESALPINIACEAE,Pellegriniodendron,diphyllum,T,,,CCF (W),,*,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Scorodophloeus,zenkeri,T,,,CCF,,120,,12 CAESALPINIACEAE,Sindoropsis,le-testui,T,,,CCF,,440,,68 CAESALPINIACEAE,Swartzia,fistuloides,T,L,,F,40,*,10,* CAESALPINIACEAE,Tessmannia,dewildemanniana,T,,,W (F/S),,,, CAESALPINIACEAE,Tetraberlinia,bifoliolata,T,,,CCF,,,,* CAESALPINIACEAE,LJTW 395,,T,,,CCF,,*,,8 CELASTRACEAE,Euonymus,congolensis,T,,,R,120,,, CELASTRACEAE,Hippocratea,myriantha,L,,,F/S; D,,,, CELASTRACEAE,Salacia,mayumbensis,L,,,CCF,,,, CELASTRACEAE,Salacia,sp. LJTW 0308,CS,,,CCF,,,, CELASTRACEAE,Salacia,sp. SEGC 412,CS,L,,F/S,,,, CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Acioa,sp. SEGC 499,T,,,F/S,,,, CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Chrysobalanus,icaco atacorensis,S,,,F/S (W),,,, CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Magnistipula,sp. LJTW 0701,T,,,W (MF),,,, CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Maranthes,aubrevillei,T,,,F/S; F,*,40,*,8 CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Maranthes,gabunensis,T,,,F,40,200,2,* CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Maranthes,glabra,T,,,CCF,*,120,*,68 CHRYSOBALANACEAE,Parinari,excelsa,T,,,CCF,,*,,8 COMBRETACEAE,Combretum,pecoense,L,,,CCF,,40,, COMBRETACEAE,Combretum,platypterum,L,L,,F/S; MF,,,, COMBRETACEAE,Combretum/Pteleopsis,sp. LJTW 0369,T,,,MF,*,,*, COMMELINACEAE,Aneilema,beniniense,H,,,MF,,,, COMMELINACEAE,Commelina,capitata,H,,,MF,,,, COMMELINACEAE,Palisota,ambigua,H,P,,MF,,,, COMMELINACEAE,Palisota,sp. SEGC 551,H,,,MF,,,, COMPOSITAE,Ageratum,sp. LJTW 0545,H,,,S,,,, COMPOSITAE,Aspilia,africana,H,,,S,,,, COMPOSITAE,Bidens,sp. LJTW 0215,H,,,MF,,,, COMPOSITAE,Bidens,sp. LJTW 0544,H,,,S,,,, COMPOSITAE,Launea,sp. LJTW 0533,H,,,S,,,, COMPOSITAE,LJTW 0423,,H,,,MF,,,, COMPOSITAE,LJTW 0494,,H,,,S; MF,,,, CONNARACEAE,Agelaea,paradoxa,L,,,D,,,, CONNARACEAE,Agelaea,pentagyna,L,,,F/S,,,, CONNARACEAE,Agelaea,sp. 0092,L,,,CCF,,,, CONNARACEAE,Cnestis,corniculata,CS,,,F/S; F,,,, CONNARACEAE,Cnestis,ferruginea,CS,,,F/S; F,,,, CONNARACEAE,Connarus,griffonianus,L,,,F/S,,,, CONNARACEAE,Jollydora,duparquetiana,S,,,CCF,,,, CONNARACEAE,Manotes,macrantha,L,,,D,,,, CONNARACEAE,Rourea,myriantha,L,,,CCF,,,, CONNARACEAE,Rourea,solanderi,L,,,MF,,,, CONNARACEAE,Rourea,thomsonii,L,,F,F/S,,,, CONNARACEAE,LJTW 0344,,L,,,MF (W),,,, CONNARACEAE,LJTW 0479,,S,,,MF,,, CONVOLVULACEAE,Ipomoea,blepharophylla,H,,,S,,, CONVOLVULACEAE,Ipomoea,involucrata,H,,,S,,, CONVOLVULACEAE,Ipomoea,mauritiana,H,,,D,,, CONVOLVULACEAE,Hewittia,scandens,H,,,S,,, CUCURBITACEAE,Cogniauxia,podolaena,L,,,F/S,,, CUCURBITACEAE,LJTW 0408,,L,,,MF,,, CYPERACEAE,Bulbostylis,cf. densa,H,,,S,,, CYPERACEAE,Bulbostylis,laniceps,H,,,S,,, CYPERACEAE,Fimbristylis,pilosa,H,,,S,,, CYPERACEAE,Pycreus,sp. LJTW 0526,H,,,S,,, CYPERACEAE,Scleria,boivinii,H,,,F/S; D,,, CYPERACEAE,LJTW 0131,,H,,,W (MF),,, CYPERACEAE,LJTW 0407,,H,,,D (W),,, DICHAPETALACEAE,Dichapetalum,barteri,T,F; L; B,F,R,320,40, DICHAPETALACEAE,Dichapetalum,sp. LJTW 0048,CS,F,F,MF,,, DICHAPETALACEAE,Dichapetalum,sp. LJTW 0140,L,,,D,,, DICHAPETALACEAE,Dichapetalum,sp. LJTW 0414,L,F,F,MF (W),,, DICHAPETALACEAE,Tapura,bouquetiana,T,,,MF,340,, DILLENIACEAE,Tetracera,podotricha,L,,,F/S,*,, DIPTEROCARPACEAE,Marquesia,excelsa,T,,,W,*,,* EBENACEAE,Diospyros,abyssinica,T,F,F,MF,*,, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,boala,T,,,CCF,,40, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,cinnabarina,T,,,CCF,,40, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,dendo,T,F; S,F; S,F (R),##,240, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,kamerunensis,T,,,F,20,, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,mannii,T,F; S,F,F,180,*, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,melocarpa,T,,,CCF,,240, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,piscatoria,T,,F,F,160,80, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,polystemon,T,F; S,F; S,F,##,120,2 EBENACEAE,Diospyros,soyauxii,T,,,MF,*,, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,suaveolens,T,F,F,F,*,40, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,viridicans,T,L,,F,60,40, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,zenkeri,T,F; S,F,R,800,40, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,sp. LJTW 409,T,,,R,20,, EBENACEAE,Diospyros,sp. LJTW 1004,T,,,F/S,*,, ERYTHROXYLACEAE,Erythroxylum,mannii,T,,,F/S,60,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Alchornea,cordifolia,CS,,,F/S,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Alchornea,hirtella,S,,,CCF,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,?Anthostemma,sp. LJTW 0677,T,,,W (MF),20,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Antidesma,laciniatum,T,F,F,F,140,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Antidesma,vogelianum,T,F,F,F/S; W; D,*,40, EUPHORBIACEAE,Bridelia,ferruginea,T,,,S,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Bridelia,sp. LJTW 0932,T,,,F/S,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,?Cleistanthus,sp. LJTW 546,T,,,CCF,,40, EUPHORBIACEAE,Croton,sp. LJTW 0348,T,,,MF; D,*,*, EUPHORBIACEAE,Discoglypremna,caloneura,T,B,F; L,D,40,280,2 EUPHORBIACEAE,Duvigneaudia,inopinata,T,,,CCF,,280, EUPHORBIACEAE,Euphorbia,thymifolia,H,?F,,S,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Jatropha,gossypiifolia,S,,,F/S,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Klaineanthus,gaboniae,T,,,CCF,20,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Macaranga,barteri,T,,,D,*,240, EUPHORBIACEAE,Macaranga,gabunica,L,,,D,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Macaranga,monandra,T,,,D,*,*, EUPHORBIACEAE,Maesobotrya,dusenii,T,,,CCF,,*, EUPHORBIACEAE,Maesobotrya,cf. pynaertii,T,,,CCF,,40,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Manniophyton,fulvum,L,S,,F,,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Maprounea,membranacea,T,,,D,500,##,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Mareya,micrantha,T,,,CCF,,120,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Mareyopsis,longifolia,T,,,CCF,,600,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Phyllanthus,diandrus,T,,,F,,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,?Phyllanthus,discoideus,T,,,F/S,,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Plagiostyles,africana,T,F,F,F,120,720,2,* EUPHORBIACEAE,Ricinodendron,heudelotii,T,,,CCF,,80,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Sapium,ellipticum,T,,,MF,20,,2, EUPHORBIACEAE,Thecacoris,sp. nov.? GMcP 16015,S,,,MF,,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,guineensis,T,F,F,F/S;MF(W),20,,10, EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,heudelotii,T,F,F,F,20,*,2,4 EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,paludosa,T,F,F,CCF (W),,,,* EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,aff. togoensis,T,F,F,MF (W),20,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,vanhouttei,T,F,F,MF (W),*,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,Uapaca,sp. LJTW 0993,T,,,F/S (W),,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,LJTW 526,,T,,,CCF,,80,, EUPHORBIACEAE,LJTW 567,,T,,,MF,20,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,LJTW 0658,,S,,,CCF,,,, EUPHORBIACEAE,LJTW 0661,,L,,,S (R),,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Caloncoba,glauca,T,FL,,MF,20,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Camptostylus,mannii,T,,,F,80,160,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Casearia,barteri,T,,,F,120,80,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Homalium,letestui,T,,,R,60,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Homalium,?aff. neurophyllum,T,,,MF,*,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Homalium,sarcopetalum,T,,,W (F/S),,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Homalium,sp. GMcP 16169,T,,,CCF,,*,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Lindackeria,dentata,S,,,D (MF),,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Oncoba,brachyanthera,S,L,,F/S ,,,, FLACOURTIACEAE,Scottellia,coriacea,T,,,MF,620,,4, GENTIANACEAE,Neurotheca,loeselioides,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Andropogon,fastigiatus,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Andropogon,pseudapricus,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Axonopus,compressus,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Brachiaria,jubata,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Centotheca,lappacea,H,,,MF,,,, GRAMINAE,Hyparrhenia,diplandra,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Olyra,latifolia,H,,,MF,,,, GRAMINAE,Oplismenus,hirtellus,H,,,MF,,,, GRAMINAE,Panicum,dregeanum,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Panicum,griffanii,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Panicum,cf. walense,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Panicum,sp. LJTW 0152,H,,,W (CCF),,,, GRAMINAE,Panicum,sp. LJTW 0208,H,,,MF,,,, GRAMINAE,Paspalum,paniculatum,H,,,D (MF),,,, GRAMINAE,Pennisetum,polystachyon,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Peratis,indica,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Pobeguinea,arrecta,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Schizachyrium,platyphyllum,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Sporobolus,pyramidalis,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,Streptogyna,crinita,H,,,MF,,,, GRAMINAE,LJTW 0388,,H,,,S,,,, GRAMINAE,LJTW 0404,,H,,,MF (W),,,, GRAMINAE,LJTW 0540,,H,,,S,,,, GUTTIFERAE,Allanblackia,sp. LJTW 272,T,,,F,*,*,*,* GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,afzelii,T,,F,CCF,,280,, GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,cf kola,T,,,MF,,*,,* GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,cf. ovalifolia,T,,,F/S (W),*,,, GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,sp. LJTW 152,T,,,CCF,,40,, GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,sp. LJTW 0447,T,,,CCF,,*,, GUTTIFERAE,Garcinia,sp. LJTW 0767,T,,,F/S (W),,,, GUTTIFERAE,Mammea,africana,T,F,F,F,*,*,*,* GUTTIFERAE,Pentadesma,butyracea,T,F; S,,F,60,*,*,* GUTTIFERAE,Pentadesma,grandifolia ,T,,,CCF,,40,,4 GUTTIFERAE,Symphonia,globulifera,T,,F,CCF,,400,, HUMIRIACEAE,Sacoglottis,gabonensis,T,F,F,F/S,40,,, HYPERICACEAE,Harungana,sp. LJTW 0790,S,,,S,,,, HYPERICACEAE,Psorospermum,febrifugum,S,,,S,,,, HYPERICACEAE,Psorospermum,tenuifolium,T,L,L,D,,80,, HYPERICACEAE,Vismia,guineensis,S,,,D; MF,40,,, ICACINACEAE,Icacina,mannii,L,,,MF,,,, ICACINACEAE,Lasianthera,africana,T,L,,F,40,160,, IRVINGIACEAE,Desbordesia,glaucescens,T,,,F,160,480,10,36 IRVINGIACEAE,Irvingia,gabonensis,T,F,F; S,F,220,240,20,4 IRVINGIACEAE,Irvingia,grandifolia,T,F,F; S,F,60,40,12,4 IRVINGIACEAE,Irvingia,robur ,T,F,F,CCF,,*,,* IRVINGIACEAE,Klainedoxa,gabonensis,T,F,F,F,580,80,32,* IRVINGIACEAE,Klainedoxa,trillesii,T,F,F,F,160,120,6,20 IXONANTHACEAE,Ochthocosmus,congolensis,T,,,F/S,*,,, LABIATAE,Solenostemon,sp. LJTW 0543,H,,,S,,,, LAURACEAE,Beilschmiedia,fulva,T,,F,F,40,40,, LAURACEAE,Beilschmiedia,sp. LJTW 37,T,,F,MF,40,,, LAURACEAE,Beilschmiedia,sp. LJTW 439,T,,,CCF (W),,240,, LAURACEAE,Beilschmiedia,sp. LJTW 530,T,,,CCF,,240,, LAURACEAE,Beilschmiedia,sp. LJTW 537,T,,,MF,20,,, LAURACEAE,Hypodaphnis,zenkeri ,T,L,,MF,560,,, LAURACEAE,Ocotea,gabonensis,T,,,CCF,,*,, LECYTHIDACEAE,Napoleonaea,imperialis,T,,,F,40,120,, LECYTHIDACEAE,Napoleonaea,cf. leonensis,T,,,CCF,,,, LECYTHIDACEAE,Petersianthus,macrocarpus,T,,,CCF,,160,,12 LILIACEAE,Curculigo,pilosa,H,,,S,,,, LINACEAE,Hugonia,planchonii,L,,,F/S,,,, LOGANIACEAE,Anthocleista,vogelii,T,L,,W; D,40,40,, LOGANIACEAE,Anthocleista,?schweinfurthii,T,,,F/S,*,,, LOGANIACEAE,Mostuea,hirsuta,S,,,CCF (D),,,, LOGANIACEAE,Mostuea,sp. LJTW 0769,S,,,F/S (W),,,, LOGANIACEAE,Strychnos,congolana,L,,,CCF,,,, LOGANIACEAE,Strychnos,malacoclados,L,,,F/S,,,, LORANTHACEAE,Helixanthera,mannii,Pa,,,MF,,,, LORANTHACEAE,Loranthus,sp. LJTW 0119,Pa,,,CCF,,,, LORANTHACEAE,Tapinanthus,sp. LJTW 0444,Pa,,,CCF,,,, LORANTHACEAE,LJTW 0802,,?Pa,,,F/S,,,, LORANTHACEAE,LJTW 0918,,Pa,,,F/S,,,, LORANTHACEAE,LJTW 0979,,Pa,,,F/S,,,, LUXEMBURGIACEAE,Testulea,gabonensis,T,L,,F,40,160,10,16 MALPIGHIACEAE,Acridocarpus,longifolius,T,,,D,,,, MALVACEAE,Hibiscus,sp. LJTW 0920,CS,,,F/S,,,, MALVACEAE,Sida,rhombifolia,H,,,MF,,,, MALVACEAE,Urena,?lobata,S,,,S,,,, MARANTACEAE,Ataenidia,conferta,H,L,L,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Halopegia,azurea,H,L; P,,W,,,, MARANTACEAE,Haumania,liebrechstiana,H,S; L ,S; L ,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Hypselodelphys,hirsuta,H,S; L,S; L,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Hypselodelphys,poggeana,H,S; L,S; L,CCF,,,, MARANTACEAE,Hypselodelphys,violacea,H,S; L,S; L,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Marantochloa,cordifolia,H,L; P,,W,,,, MARANTACEAE,Marantochloa,filipes,H,P,,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Marantochloa,purpurea,H,L; P,,W,,,, MARANTACEAE,Megaphrynium,macrostachyum,H,F; L; P,F; L,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Megaphrynium,velutinum,H,F; L; P,F; L,F,,,, MARANTACEAE,Trachyphrynium,braunianum,H,P,,W,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,Calvoa,monticola,H,,,D,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,Dissotis,congolensis,H,,,S,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,Tristemma,leiocalyx,H,,,S,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,LJTW 0023,,H,,,MF,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,LJTW 0481,,H,,,D,,,, MELASTOMATACEAE,SEGC 319,,L,L,,MF,,,, MELIACEAE,Carapa,procera,T,,,F,100,600,, MELIACEAE,Entandophragma,candolei,T,,,CCF,,*,,8 MELIACEAE,Entandophragma,utile,T,,,CCF,,*,,* MELIACEAE,Lovoa,trichilioides,T,,,F,*,*,*,* MELIACEAE,Trichilia,monadelpha,T,S,,MF,40,,, MELIACEAE,Trichilia,prieureana,T,,,MF,880,,, MENISPERMACEAE,SEGC 431,,L,,F,F/S,,,, MIMOSACEAE,Albizia,ferruginea,T,,,MF,*,,*, MIMOSACEAE,?Calpocalyx,sp. LJTW 0611,T,,,CCF,,640,,* MIMOSACEAE,Cathormion,altissimum,T,,,F/S,,,, MIMOSACEAE,Cylicodiscus,gabunensis,T,,,F,*,80,*,8 MIMOSACEAE,Dicrostachys,cinera,S,,,S (D),,,, MIMOSACEAE,Entada,gigas,L,,,MF,,,, MIMOSACEAE,Fillaeopsis,discophora,T,,,F,*,*,*,4 MIMOSACEAE,Newtonia,leucocarpa,T,,,F,*,*,2,8 MIMOSACEAE,Parkia,bicolor,T,F,F,F,20,80,6,4 MIMOSACEAE,Parkia,filicoidea,T,F,F,MF,20,*,4,* MIMOSACEAE,Pentaclethra,eetveldeana,T,L,L,F,640,240,14,12 MIMOSACEAE,Pentaclethra,macrophylla,T,L,L; FL,F,700,440,36,44 MIMOSACEAE,Piptadeniastrum,africanum,T,S,,F,40,*,30,16 MIMOSACEAE,Samanea,leptophylla,T,,,CCF,,40,,4 MIMOSACEAE,Tetrapleura,tetraptera,T,,,F,40,*,2,* MORACEAE,Dorstenia,aff. barteri,H,,,W (CCF),,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,barteri,Ep,F,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,bubu,Ep,F,F,F/S,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,elasticoides,Ep,,,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,ingens,T,,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,kimuenzensis,L,,,CCF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,macrosperma,Ep,F,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,mucuso,T,F; L,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,ovata,T,,,R (S),,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,polita,Ep,F,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,pseudomangifera,Ep,,F,F/S,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,recurvata,Ep,F; L,F,MF,*,,2, MORACEAE,Ficus,sur,T,,,R (S),,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,thonningii,Ep,F,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Ficus,variifolia,T,L; B,L,MF,*,,2, MORACEAE,Ficus,sp. SEGC 443,Ep,F,F,MF,,,, MORACEAE,Milicia (Chlorophora),excelsa,T,L; B; G,,F/S; MF,80,*,6,4 MORACEAE,Musanga,cecropioides,T,,,D,*,,, MORACEAE,Myrianthus,arboreus,T,F; B,F,MF (W),*,,, MORACEAE,Treculia,africana,T,S,S; FL,MF (W),*,,, MORACEAE,Treculia,obovoidea,T,S,S,CCF,,200,, MYRISTICACEAE,Coelocaryon,preussi,T,,,CCF,,360,,* MYRISTICACEAE,Pycnanthus,angolensis,T,,F,F,140,120,44,28 MYRISTICACEAE,Scyphocephalium,ochocoa,T,S; L,,CCF,20,920,6,172 MYRISTICACEAE,Staudtia,gabonensis,T,,F,CCF,*,200,*,* MYRTACEAE,Psidium,guineense,S,F,F,S,,,, MYRTACEAE,Syzygium,sp. LJTW 31 ,T,,,MF,*,,2, MYRTACEAE,Syzygium,sp. LJTW 0147,S,,,CCF,,,, MYRTACEAE,Syzygium/Eugenia,sp. LJTW 0381,T,,,CCF,,*,,* NYMPHAEACEAE,LJTW 0815,,H,,,W (S),,,, OCHNACEAE,Campylospermum,elongatum,T,,,MF,,,, OCHNACEAE,Lophira,alata,T,L,G,F/S; MF,##,*,90,8 OCHNACEAE,Ouratea,flava,T,,,F/S; MF,*,,, OCHNACEAE,Ouratea,cf. myrioneura,T,,,F/S; MF,,,, OCHNACEAE,?Ouratea,sp. LJTW 0432,T,,,MF,,,, OCHNACEAE,Rhabdophyllum,calophyllum,T,,,MF,*,,, OCHNACEAE,Sauvagesia,erecta,H,,,S,,,, OCHNACEAE,LJTW 0772,,S,,,CCF,,,, OCHNACEAE,LJTW 0882,,S,,,S,,,, OLACACEAE,Coula,edulis,T,,,CCF,,##,,60 OLACACEAE,Diogoa,zenkeri,T,,,CCF,,*,, OLACACEAE,Heisteria,parvifolia,T,F; L,F,F,120,240,4,4 OLACACEAE,Ongokea,gore,T,,L,F,60,80,14,12 OLACACEAE,Ptychopetalum,petiolatum,T,F,F,CCF,,160,, OLACACEAE,Strombosia,pustulata,T,,,CCF,,400,, OLACACEAE,Strombosia,zenkeri,T,,,CCF,,##,, OLACACEAE,Strombosiopsis,tetrandra,T,,,CCF,120,##,, OLEACEAE,Linociera,aff. mannii,T,,,F/S,,,, OXALIDACEAE,Biophytum,petersianum,H,,,S,,,, OXALIDACEAE,Biophytum,talbotii,H,,,W (R),,,, PALMAE,Calamus,sp. SEGC 554,P,,,F/S; MF,,,, PALMAE,Elaeis,guineensis,P,,F; P,F/S; MF,180,,, PALMAE,Eremospatha,cabrae,P,F; L; P,F; P,MF,,,, PALMAE,Podococcus,barteri,P,,,CCF,,,, PALMAE,Raphia,sp. SEGC 555,P,,,W (S),,,, PANDACEAE,Centroplacus,glaucinus,T,,,CCF,100,##,, PANDACEAE,Panda,oleosa,T,,,F,20,*,*,* PANDANACEAE,Pandanus,sp. SEGC 556,T,,,W (S),,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Aganope,impressa,L,,,CCF,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Aganope,sp.,L,,,MF,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Crotularia,pallida,S,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Dalbergia,aff. rufa,L,L; B; FL,,F/S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Desmodium,ramosissimum,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Desmodium,scorpiurus,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Eriosema,glomeratum,S,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Erythrina,tholloniana,T,,,W (MF),*,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Indigofera,conjugata var. occidentalis,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Leptoderris,hypargyrea,L,,,F/S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Millettia,laurentii,T,,,CCF,,*,,4 PAPILIONACEAE,Millettia,sanagana,T,L; B,L,F/S,40,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Millettia,conraui,T,,,F/S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Millettia,sp. LJTW 0038,T,,,MF (W),20,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Platysepalum,sp. LJTW 0603,L,,,CCF,,240,, PAPILIONACEAE,Pterocarpus,soyauxii,T,S; L; FL,S; FL,F,80,*,68,20 PAPILIONACEAE,Tephrosia,purpurea,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Uraria,picta,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,Zornia,latifolia,H,,,S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW 0469,,S,,,F/S,,,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW O591,,L,,,CCF,,80,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW O599,,L,,,CCF,,40,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW O602,,L,,,CCF,,40,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW O609,,T,,,CCF,,320,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW 0720,,T,,,CCF (W),,,, PAPILIONACEAE,LJTW 0950,,T,,,F/S,*,,, PAPILIONACEAE,SEGC 395,,L,B,,MF,,,, PASSIFLORACEAE,Barteria,fistulosa,T,F,F,F/S; MF; D,520,600,, PASSIFLORACEAE,Paropsia,grewioides,T,,,F/S; R,,,, PASSIFLORACEAE,LJTW 0360,,L,,F,CCF,,,, PONTEDERIACACEAE,Heteranthera,callaefolia,H,,,W (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Adiantum,vogelii,F,,,MF (W),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Arthropteris,orientalis,F,,,R (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Asplenium,africanum,F,,,R (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Asplenium,emarginatum,F,,,R (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Asplenium,hemitomum,F,,,R (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Asplenium,jaundeense,F,,,R (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Asplenium,variabile,F,,,W (CCF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Blotiella,currori,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Bolbitis,acrostichoides,F,,,W (MF),,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Bolbitis,auriculata,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Bolbitis,gabonensis,F,,,MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Bolbitis,heudelotii,F,,,W PTERIDOPHYTE,Ceratopteris,cornuta,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Christella,dentata,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Cyathea,camerooniana,Tf,,,W PTERIDOPHYTE,Cyclosorus,dentatus,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Dicranopteris,linearis,F,,,S PTERIDOPHYTE,Diplazium,sammatii,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Diplazium,welwitschii,F,,,W (CCF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Lastreopsis,currori,F,,,W PTERIDOPHYTE,Lomariopsis,hederacea,F (Ep),,,CCF PTERIDOPHYTE,Lomariopsis,congoensis,F,,,CCF PTERIDOPHYTE,Lomariopsis,sp. SEGC 536,F (Ep),,,CCF PTERIDOPHYTE,Lycopodium,cernuum,F,,,MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Lygodium,microphyllum,F,,,F/S PTERIDOPHYTE,Marattia,fraxinea,F,,,W PTERIDOPHYTE,Microgramma,owariensis,F,,,R (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Microlepia,speluncae,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Microsorium,punctatum,F,,,R (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Nephrolepis,biserrata,F,,,F/S PTERIDOPHYTE,Nephrolepis,undulata,F,,,F/S PTERIDOPHYTE,Oleandra,distenta,F,,,R (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Pellaea,doniana,F,,,R PTERIDOPHYTE,Pellaea,holstii,F,,,R (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Phymatosorus,scolopendria,F (Ep),,,F/S;MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Pityrogramma,calomelanos,F,,,S PTERIDOPHYTE,Platycerium,stemaria,F (Ep),,,MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Pteris,atrovirens,F,,,S PTERIDOPHYTE,Pteris,similis,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Pteris,acanthoneura,F,,,MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Pteris,sp. SEGC 528,F,,,MF PTERIDOPHYTE,Selaginella,cathedrifolia,F,,,W (MF) PTERIDOPHYTE,Selaginella,myosurus,F,,,F/S,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Selaginella,versicolor,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Selaginella,vogelii,F,,,MF,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Trichomanes,ballardianum,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Trichomanes,cupressoides,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Trichomanes,guineense,F,,,R ,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Trichomanes,cf. mannii,F,,,R,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Triplophyllum,buchholzii,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Triplophyllum,protensum,F,,,MF,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Triplophyllum,secundiforme,F,,,W,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Triplophyllum,sp. SEGC 469,F,,,MF,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Triplophyllum,vogelii,F,,,CCF,,,, PTERIDOPHYTE,Vittaria,guineensis,F (Ep),,,CCF,,,, RHIZOPHORACEAE,Anisophyllea, sp. LJTW 0475,T,,,CCF,,80,,4 RHIZOPHORACEAE,Anopyxis,klaineana,T,,,F,*,*,2,* RHIZOPHORACEAE,Cassipourea,congensis,T,,,R,180,,, RHIZOPHORACEAE,Poga,oleosa,T,,,CCF,,*,,4 RUBIACEAE,Aidia,ochroleuca,T,,,F/S,*,,, RUBIACEAE,Atractogyne,gabonii,L,F,F,MF; D,,,, RUBIACEAE,Bertiera,batesii,S,,,W (CCF),,,, RUBIACEAE,Bertiera,mildbraedii,T,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Bertiera,sp. LJTW 0139,S,,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Borreria,pusilla,H,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Brenania,brieyi,T,,,MF,,,,* RUBIACEAE,Canthium,sp. LJTW 0297,S,,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Cephaelis,sp. LJTW 0202,S,,,F/S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Corynanthe,mayumbensis,T,L,,F,340,##,, RUBIACEAE,Crossopteryx,febrifuga,S,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Dictyandra,arborescens,T,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Diodia,scandens,H,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Feretia,sp. LJTW 0646,S,,,F/S,,,, RUBIACEAE,?Gaertnera,sp. LJTW 0316,S,,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Geophila,afzelii,H,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Heinsia,crinita,T,,,F (W),,,, RUBIACEAE,Leptactina,cf. arnoldiana,T,,,D,,,, RUBIACEAE,Massularia,acuminata,T,,,F,*,40,, RUBIACEAE,Mitacarpus,scaber,H,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Mitragyna,ciliata,T,B; L,,W,80,120,2,16 RUBIACEAE,Mussaenda,cf. debeauxii,L,F,,D,,,, RUBIACEAE,Mussaenda,cf. tenuiflora,L,,,D,,,, RUBIACEAE,Mussaenda,sp. LJTW 0581,L,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Nauclea,didderrichi,T,F,F,F,20,600,2,4 RUBIACEAE,Nauclea,latifolia,T,F,F,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Nauclea,vanderguchtii,T,F,F,W,60,*,*,4 RUBIACEAE,Oldenlandia,corymbosa,H,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Oldenlandia,lancifolia,S,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Otomeria,guineensis,H,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Otomeria,micrantha,H,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,Oxyanthus,unilocularis,T,,,F/S,*,,, RUBIACEAE,?Oxyanthus,sp. LJTW 0903,T,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Pauridiantha,aff. dewevrei,T,,,F/S,*,,, RUBIACEAE,Pauridiantha,efferata,T,,,D; F/S,220,,, RUBIACEAE,Pauridiantha,floribunda,T,,,D; F/S,100,120,, RUBIACEAE,Pausinystalia,johimbe,T,,,F,20,200,, RUBIACEAE,Pausinystalia,macroceras,T,,,MF,20,,, RUBIACEAE,Pavetta,hispida,S,L,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Pavetta,aff. viridiloba,T,L; FL,,MF,20,,, RUBIACEAE,Pavetta,sp. LJTW 0006,H,,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Pavetta,sp. LJTW 0205,S,,,F/S,,,, RUBIACEAE,?Pavetta,sp. LJTW 536,T,,,MF,40,,, RUBIACEAE,Porterandia,cladantha,T,F; L,F,D; MF,120,*,, RUBIACEAE,Pseudosabicea,batesii,H,,,CCF,,,, RUBIACEAE,Pseudosabicea,floribunda,L,,,D, RUBIACEAE,Pseudosabicea,mildbraedii,H,,,D, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,peduncularis,S,F,F,MF, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,vogeliana,S,F,F,F/S, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0012,T,,,F/S,* RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0171,S,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0174,H,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0209,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0638,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Psychotria,sp. LJTW 0657,S,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,Rothmannia,whitfieldii,T,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Rutidea,dupuisii,L,F,,F, RUBIACEAE,Sabicea,efulenensis,L,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Sabicea,mollis,L,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Sacosperma,paniculatum,L,,,F/S, RUBIACEAE,Tarenna,conferta,T,,,D, RUBIACEAE,Tarenna,eketensis,L,,,F/S, RUBIACEAE,Tarenna,sp. LJTW 0272,T,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,anomala,T,,,D, RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,macrophylla,T,,,MF (W),* RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,cf oligoneura,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,cf pallens,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,sp. LJTW 0081,S,,,CCF (W), RUBIACEAE,Tricalysia,sp. LJTW 0082,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Trichostachys,aurea,H,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,Uncaria,africana,L,,,F/S, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0098,,T,,,D, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0372,,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0396,,T,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0417,,S,,,MF, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0433,,S,,,CCF, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0628,,T,,,R; W (F/S), RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0638,,S,,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0642 ,,T,,,MF (W),,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0646 ,,S,,,F/S,,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 0662,,T,,,S,,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 140,,T,,,MF,40,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 170,,T,,,D,,,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 387,,T,,,CCF,,40,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 514,,T,,,CCF,,40,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 528,,T,,,CCF,,40,, RUBIACEAE,LJTW 566,,T,,,MF,20,,, RUBIACEAE,SEGC 288,,L,F,,MF,,,, RUBIACEAE,SEGC 291,,L,F,,D,,,, RUBIACEAE,SEGC 508,,S,L,,MF,,,, RUTACEAE,Araliopsis,sp. LJTW 353,T,,,CCF,,80,, RUTACEAE,Citrus,sp. SEGC 557,T,F,,F/S,,,, RUTACEAE,Fagara,?macrophylla,T,,,F/S; MF,*,,, RUTACEAE,Fagara,tessmannii ,T,,,CCF,,40,, RUTACEAE,Teclea,aff. verdooniana,T,,,R,*,,, RUTACEAE,Vepris,cf. lousii,T,,,R,20,,, SAPINDACEAE,Blighia,welwitschii,T,,,MF,*,,, SAPINDACEAE,Chytranthus,talbotii,T,,,MF (W),,,, SAPINDACEAE,Eriocoelum,macrocarpum,T,,,F/S; MF,540,280,, SAPINDACEAE,Eriocoelum,?paniculatum,T,,,MF,*,*,, SAPINDACEAE,Eriocoelum,sp. LJTW 132,T,,,MF,20,,, SAPINDACEAE,Ganophyllum,giganteum,T,F,F,MF,80,,20, SAPINDACEAE,Lecaniodiscus,cupanoides,T,F,F,MF,100,,, SAPINDACEAE,Placodiscus,cf. opacus,T,,,CCF,,80,, SAPOTACEAE,Baillonella,toxisperma,T,F,F,CCF,*,40,2,4 SAPOTACEAE,Donella,ogowensis,T,F,F,F/S,*,,, SAPOTACEAE,Donella,?pruniformis,T,,,CCF,,80,, SAPOTACEAE,Gambeya,africana,T,F,F,CCF,*,40,*,8 SAPOTACEAE,Gambeya,subnuda,T,F,F,F,*,40,*,* SAPOTACEAE,?Lectomedoxa,sp. LJTW 237,T,,,MF,*,,2, SAPOTACEAE,Letestua,durissima,T,,,MF,*,,4, SAPOTACEAE,Manilkara,fouilloyana,T,F,F,CCF,,*,, SAPOTACEAE,Omphalocarpum,procerum,T,,,F,*,*,*,* SAPOTACEAE,Pachystela,brevipes,T,F,F,R,*,*,, SAPOTACEAE,LJTW 0228,,T,F,F,CCF,,160,,* SCROPHULARIACEAE,Cycnium,camporum,H,,,S,,,, SCYTOPETALACEAE,Scytopetalum,sp. LJTW 0017,T,F,F,F,120,240,, SIMAROUBACEAE,Odyendyea,gabonensis,T,,,CCF,,,,* SIMAROUBACEAE,Quassia,africana,S,,,F,,,, SMILACACEAE,Smilax,kraussiana,L,,,F/S,,,, SOLANACEAE,Schwenckia,americana,H,,,S,,,, STERCULIACEAE,Cola,lizae,T,F,F; L; P,MF,##,,8, STERCULIACEAE,Cola,mahoundensis,T,,,CCF (W),,80,, STERCULIACEAE,Cola,sp. SEGC 332,T,,,MF,*,,, STERCULIACEAE,Leptonychia,echinocarpa,S,,,MF,,,, STERCULIACEAE,Nesogordonia,papaverifera,T,,,F,*,*,*,* STERCULIACEAE,Pterygota,?bequaertii,T,,,CCF,,*,, STERCULIACEAE,Scaphopetalum,blackii,T,,,CCF,,160,, STERCULIACEAE,Sterculia,tragacantha,T,,L,MF,40,,2, STYRACACEAE,Afrostyrax,lepidophyllus,T,,,CCF,,80,, THYMELAEACEAE,Dicranolepis,buchholzii,S,,,CCF,,,, THYMELAEACEAE,?Dicranolepis,sp. LJTW ,S,,,MF,,,, THYMELAEACEAE,Octolepis,decalepis,S,,,MF,,,, TILIACEAE,Clappertonia,?ficifolia,H,,,S; D,,,, TILIACEAE,Duboscia,macrocarpa,T,F; S,F; S,F,40,120,2,* TILIACEAE,Triumfetta,cordifolia,S,,,S,,,, ULMACEAE,Celtis,tessmannii,T,F; L,F,F,*,200,8,28 ULMACEAE,Celtis,sp. LJTW 444,T,,,CCF,,40,, VERBENACEAE,Vitex,doniana,T,F,F,F/S,*,,*, VERBENACEAE,Vitex,?rivularis,T,,,CCF,,80,,4 VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,ilicifolia,S,,,CCF,,,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0055,T,,,W (CCF),,*,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0132,T,,,W (MF),*,,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0221,T,,,W (CCF),,40,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0596,T,,,W (CCF),,120,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0656,S,,,CCF,,,, VIOLACEAE,Rinorea,sp. LJTW 0899,S,,,CCF,,,, VITACEAE,Cissus,aff. barteri,L,,,D,,,, VITACEAE,Cissus,dinklagei,L,F; L,F,F,*,*,, VITACEAE,Cissus,leonardi,L,F,,MF,,,, VOCHYSIACEAE,Erismadelphus,exsul,T,,,CCF,,40,,8 ZINGIBERACEAE,Aframomum,longipetiolatum,H,F; P,F; P,F/S,,,, ZINGIBERACEAE,Aframomum,sp. ?nov SEGC 152,H,F; P,F; P,MF,,,, ZINGIBERACEAE,Aframomum,sp. SEGC 239,H,F; P,F; P,F,,,, ZINGIBERACEAE,Aframomum,sp. SEGC 323,H,F; P,F; P,CCF; D ZINGIBERACEAE,Costus,afer,H,P,P,MF ZINGIBERACEAE,Renealmia,cincinnata,H,P,,F ZINGIBERACEAE,Renealmia,macrocolea,H,P,P,F 1 See Methods for definition of Life-forms; 2 L= leaf; F=fruit; P= pith; S= seed; FL = flower; B= bark; G= galls; 3 See Methods for definitions of Habitat-types; MF = Marantaceae Forest; CCF = Closed Canopy Forest; ,F/S = Forest-savanna interface; S = Savanna; R = Rocky; ,W = Water; D = Disturbed; ,F = No obvious preference between MF and CCF 4 Density of trees calculated from transect sample (individuals/km2): ,"MF > 10 cm dbh: 5 Ha; CCF > 10 cm dbh: 2.5 Ha" ,"MF > 70 cm dbh: 50 Ha; CCF > 70 cm dbh: 25 Ha (see text). " * indicates present as a tree of this size but not recorded in transect sample. ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ Table 2. Top 10 species in Marantaceae Forest and Closed Canopy Forest at Lop in terms of basal area and stem density GENUS,SPECIES,FAMILY,Rank (Basal Area): MF,Rank (Basal Area): CCF,Rank (No. Stems): MF,Rank (No. Stems): CCF Aucoumea,klaineana,BURSERACEAE,1,2,2, Cola,lizae,STERCULIACEAE,2,,1, Lophira,alata,OCHNACEAE,3,,3, Pentaclethra,macrophylla,MIMOSACEAE,4,,9, Dacryodes,buettneri,BURSERACEAE,5,1,,8 Pentaclethra,eetveldeana,MIMOSACEAE,6,,10, Diospyros,polystemon,EBENACEAE,7,,5, Hylodendron,gabunense,CAESALPINIACEAE,8,,, Xylopia,quintasii,ANNONACEAE,9,,4, Pycnanthus,angolensis,MYRISTICACEAE,10,,, Trichilia,cf. prieureana,MELIACEAE,,,7, Strombosiopsis,tetrandra,OLACACEAE,,7,,4 Diospyros,dendo,EBENACEAE,,,6, Diospyros,zenkeri,EBENACEAE,,,8, Maprounea,membranacea,EUPHORBIACEAE,,,,10 Scyphocephalium,ocochoa,MYRISTICACEAE,,3,, Centroplacus,glaucinas,PANDACEAE,,,,1 Xylopia,aethiopica,ANNONACEAE,,,,7 Santiria,trimera,BURSERACEAE,,9,,3 Coula,edulis,OLACACEAE,,4,,5 Augouardia,letestui,CAESALPINIACEAE,,5,,6 Sindoropsis,le-testui,CAESALPINIACEAE,,6,, Strombosia,zenkeri,OLACACEAE,,8,,1 Cylicodiscus,gabonensis,MIMOSACEAE,,10,, Dialium,soyauxii,CAESALPINIACEAE,,,,9 ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- Table 3. Number of species of ape foods in different habitat-types at Lop Habitat-type,N! Species,Gorilla Food Species Number,Gorilla Food Sp. %,Chimpanzee Food Species Number,Chimpanzee Food Species % Marantaceae Forest,149,42,28.2,36,24.2 Closed Canopy Forest,152,17,11.2,21,13.8 Forest,90,53,58.9,50,55.6 Forest/savanna edge,103,22,21.3,19,18.4 Savanna,67,3,4.5,2,3 Water,53,9,17,2,3.7 Disturbed areas,34,6,17.6,4,11.8 Rocky areas,28,6,21.4,6,21.4 TOTAL/AVERAGE,676,158,23.4,140,20.7