UGALLA--TONGWE EAST FOREST RESERVE, TANZANIA (Chimpanzees)

Moore, J. (1994) Plants of the Tongwe East Forest Reserve (Ugalla), 
Tanzania. TROPICS 3(3/4): 333-340.

Reprints: Jim Moore, Anthropology Dept. 0101, UCSD, La Jolla CA, 
USA  92093 - 0101.    [email  jjmoore@ucsd.edu]

ABSTRACT:   The Tongwe East Forest Reserve, known to primatologists 
as Ugalla, is one of the driest habitats in which chimpanzees (Pan 
troglodytes schweinfurthii) are known to live.  As such the site is an 
important one for understanding the climatic and vegetation factors 
limiting the distribution of chimpanzees.  This contribution presents a 
preliminary listing of plant species reported from the Ugalla area.

[EDITED METHODS]
	The species listed here come from two sources: the list published by Nishida (1989), and from specimens that I have collected and identified    The list should not be regarded as botanically definitive.

	Sample identification:  ... Field names in the list were given to me as KiTongwe unless KiSwahili is indicated by (S).  In cases for which no field name is available, collection codes are listed (e.g. "88/75").  ...  In a number of cases, I was able to match a field name to lists for Mahale (Nishida & Uehara, 1981) and/or Gombe (J. Wallis, pers. comm.) and then cross-check the specimen with the account in the Flora; if the specimen matched I considered it identified without further close examination.  These are indicated on the list. ...

	Where I identified a plant only to genus and Nishida (1989) lists a species that resembles mine, I have assumed (without detailed examination) that mine is the species he named.  ...  Species reported by Nishida that I did not observe are so indicated under "field name".

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FIELDS ARE SEPARATED BY T;U IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE
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Table 1: Plants of the Tongwe East Forest Reserve (Ugalla)

KEY to columns 1-6:
1:  Field name/collection number
2:  x = identified by cross-referencing field name
3:  Growth form (h: herb, s: shrub, l: liana, t: tree)
4:  Habitat (r: riverine, s: upper scarp edge, p: plateau, [no entry]: woodland
5:  Fed on by-- p: people, m: monkey [1 or more of P. cynocephalus, C. aethiops, C. ascanius, C. mitis], c: chimpanzee, a: all primates; b: birds, d: duiker, e: elephant, N: Nishida (1989) reports chimpanzee feeding
6:  Seeds identified in chimpanzee feces


FAMILY;GENUS;SPECIES;AUTHORITY;Col 1: Field Name/Collection Number;2: ID from field name;3: LIFE FORM;4: HABITAT;5: FED ON;6: FECAL SEEDS

PTERIDOPHYTA
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE;Pteridium (poss. Arthropteris [DAVALLIACEAE]);sp.;;[bracken]; ;h;;;

ANGIOSPERMAE
ANACARDIACEAE;Heeria;mucronata;KRAUSS;mwembe poli (S);x;t;r;;
ANACARDIACEAE;Lannea;sp.;;muhenya; ;t;;;
ANACARDIACEAE;Ozoroa;reticulata;;88/129; ;t;;;
ANACARDIACEAE;Sorindeia;sp.;;88/138; ;t;r;;
ANNONACEAE;Annona;senegalensis; ERS.;mkanda/nimkahda; ;t;;N?;
ANNONACEAE;Annona;sp.; ;88/57; ;t;;;
ANNONACEAE;Artabotrys;monteiroae or stolzii; ;92/7; ;l;r;c;
ANNONACEAE;Monanthotaxis;poggei;ENGL. & DIELS;bukienkende; ;s; ;"c,m"; 
ANNONACEAE;Monanthotaxis?;sp.;;88/43; ;t;;;
ANNONACEAE;Monodora;angolensis;WELW.;88/140; ;t;s;;
ANNONACEAE;Monodora;sp. cf. junodii; ;mtopetope wa masitu (S); ;t/l;s;"c,m";y
APOCYNACEAE;Diplorhynchus;condylocarpon;(MUELL. ARG.) PICHON;msongate/nimsongache; ;t;;;
APOCYNACEAE;Landolphia;stolzii?;BUSSE;ibungu;x;l;r;a;
APOCYNACEAE;Saba;sp.;;; ;l; ;"c,m"; 
APOCYNACEAE;Strophanthus?;sp.;;msunkute; ;s;;;
APOCYNACEAE;Tabernaemontana?;sp.;;88/144; ;t;r;;
APOCYNACEAE;Voacanga;lutescens;STAPF;(Nishida 1989);;;;
BIGNONIACEAE;Kigelia;aethiopica;DECNE.;; ;t;;
BIGNONIACEAE;Markhamia;obtusifolia?;(BAKER) SPRAGUE;88/118; ;t;r;
BIGNONIACEAE;Markhamia?;sp.;;88/119; ;t;;
BORAGINACEAE;Cordia;africana;LAM.;(Nishida 1989);;;;N
BURSERACEAE;Commiphora?;sp.;;88/136; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Afzelia;cuanzensis;WELW.;(Nishida 1989);;t;;m
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;allenii;BURTT DAVY & HUTCH.;(Nishida 1989);;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;boehmii;TAUB.;msisi; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;bussei;HARMS;miombo / mitundu;;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;microphylla?;HARMS;88/27; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;sp. cf. boehmii; ;88/68; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;sp. cf. bussei; ;mitundu / miombo; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;spiciformis;BENTH.;88/33; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Brachystegia;x longifolia?;BENTH.;88/96; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Burkea?;africana?;HOOK.;mpala / mkala; ;t;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Cynometra;sp. 1;;kabamba; ;t;s/r;"m, c?"; 
CAESALPINIACEAE;Cynometra;sp. 2;;kabamba jike; ;t;s;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Erythrophleum;africanum ;HARMS;88/39; ;t;;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Isoberlinia;angolensis;(BENTH.) HOYLE and BRENAN;mlembela;x;t;;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Julbernardia;globiflora;(BENTH. TROUPIN;(Nishida 1989);;t;;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Julbernardia;paniculata;(BENTH.) TROUPIN;(Nishida 1989);;t;;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Piliostigma;thonningii;(SCHUMACH.) MILNE-REDH.;mufumbe; ;t;;;
CAESALPINIACEAE;Tamarindus;indica;L.;; ;t;;N;
CAPPARIDACEAE;Maerua;sp.;;93/61; ;s;s;;
CELASTRACEAE;Maytenus;undata?;(THUNB.) BLAKELOCK;88/21; ;t;r;;
COMBRETACEAE;Combretum;molle;G. DON;mlama; ;t;;;
COMBRETACEAE;Combretum;sp.;;88/6-7-47-35; ;t;;;
COMBRETACEAE;Combretum? or Terminalia?;sp. 1;;88/131; ;t;;;
COMBRETACEAE;Combretum? or Terminalia?;sp. 2;;88/150; ;t;s;;
COMBRETACEAE;Terminalia;mollis;LAWS.;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
COMBRETACEAE;Terminalia;sericea? or kaiserana?; ;88/94; ;t;;;
COMBRETACEAE;Terminalia;sp. [?mollis?]; ;mliampene; ;t;;
COMPOSITAE;Aspilia;sp.;;salawasala; ;h;;
DIPTEROCARPACEAE;Monotes;elegans?;GILG;mukokote;x;t;p;
DIPTEROCARPACEAE;Monotes?;africanus?;;88/45; ;t;;
DROSERACEAE;Drosera;sp.;;[sundew]; ;h;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Bridelia;micrantha?;(HOCHST.) BAILL.;kamembe;x;t;s;a
EUPHORBIACEAE;Bridelia?;sp.;;88/145; ;t;r;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Drypetes?;sp.1;;88/41; ;t;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Drypetes?;sp.2;;88/40; ;t;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Euphorbia;candelabrum;KOTSCHY;(Nishida 1989);;;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Hymenocardia;acida;TUL.;88/83; ;t;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Maprounea;africana;MUELL. ARG.;88/22-63; ;t;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Pseudolachnostylis;maprouneifolia;PAX;mutungulu;x;t;;d
EUPHORBIACEAE;Uapaca;kirkiana;MUELL. ARG.;(Nishida 1989);;;;
EUPHORBIACEAE;Uapaca;nitida?;MUELL. ARG.;88/61; ;t;;
FLACOURTIACEAE;Gerrardina;eylesiana;MILNE-REDH.;92/61; ;s;r;
FLACOURTIACEAE;Oncoba;spinosa?;FORSK.;kaposo;x;s;r;;
GUTTIFERAE;Garcinia;huillensis?;OLIV.;kasolio;x;t;r;;
GUTTIFERAE;Garcinia;livingstonei;T. ANDERS.;88/91; ;t/l;;;
GUTTIFERAE;Harungana;madagascariensis;POIR.;kalilolilo (mshaishai [S]);x;t;;b;
LOGANIACEAE;Strychnos;cocculoides;BAK.;(Nishida 1989);;;;N;
LOGANIACEAE;Strychnos;sp. 1;;88/102-103; ;t;s;;
LOGANIACEAE;Strychnos;sp. 2;;88/148; ;t;;;
LOGANIACEAE;Strychnos?;sp. 3;;88/85; ;t;;;
LOGANIACEAE;Strychnos?;sp. 4;;mutunga; ;t;;a;
MALVACEAE;Azanza;garckeana;(F. HOFFM.) EXELL & HILLCOAT;mutobo;x;t;;a;y
MELIACEAE;Carapa;grandiflora;SPRAGUE;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
MELIACEAE;Carapa or Khaya;sp. [could be C. grandiflora]; ;mulangale;x;t;r;;
MIMOSACEAE;Acacia;albida;DEL.;(Nishida 1989); ;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Acacia;drepanolobium;HARMS ex SJOSTEDT;(Nishida 1989); ;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Acacia;polyacantha;WILLD.;(Nishida 1989); ;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Acacia;xanthophloea;BENTH.;(Nishida 1989); ;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;adianthifolia or gummifera; ;mitanga;x;t;r;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;antunesiana?;HARMS;88/75; ;t;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;glaberrima;(SCHUM. & THONN.) BENTH.;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;gummifera;(J. F. GMEL.) C. A. SM.;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;sp. cf. adianthifolia or gummifera; ;mulangalanga; ;t;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;versicolor;WELW. ex OLIV.;limasaka;;t;;;
MIMOSACEAE;Albizia;zygia?;(DC.) MACBR.;88/13; ;t;r;;
MORACEAE;Dorstenia;sp.;;ndabali; ;h;;;
MORACEAE;Ficus;capensis;THUNB.;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
MORACEAE;Ficus;sonderi;MIQ.;mukuyu;x;t;s;"b,m"; 
MORACEAE;Ficus;sp. 1;;92/133; ;t/l;r;;
MORACEAE;Ficus;sp. 2;;mukumigana / mukumegana; ;t;;;
MORACEAE;Ficus;thonningii?;BLUME;kajimonsole / kayumonsole;x;t;;c;
MORACEAE;Ficus;vallis-choudae;DEL.;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
MYRISTICACEAE;Pycnanthus;angolensis;(WELW.) WARB.; ; ;t;;;
OCHNACEAE;Ochna?;sp.;;88/41; ;t;;;
PAPILIONACEAE;Dalbergia;sp.;;(Nishida 1989);;;;;
PAPILIONACEAE;Erythrina;sp.;;; ;t;;;
PAPILIONACEAE;Pericopsis;angolensis;(BAK.) VAN MEEUWEN;mbanga; ;t;;;
PAPILIONACEAE;Pterocarpus;angolensis;DC.;mninga (S); ;t;;;
PAPILIONACEAE;Pterocarpus;tinctorius;WELW.;mkulungu (S); ;t;;c;y
PROTEACEAE;Faurea;sp.;;93/57; ;t;;;
PROTEACEAE;Protea;sp.;;sinyensia; ;t;p;;
RHAMNACEAE;Ziziphus?;sp.;;93/fb16; ;s;;;
RHIZOPHORACEAE;Anisophyllea;pomifera or boehmii; ;bushindwi / mishindwi;x;t;;a;
RHIZOPHORACEAE;Cassipourea;molle?;;88/135; ;t;;;
ROSACEAE;Parinari;curatellifolia;BENTH.;mnazi poli (S); ;t; ;"a,e";y
RUBIACEAE;Canthium;crassum?;HIERN;mungogolo;x;t;;a;
RUBIACEAE;Canthium;hispidum;BENTH.;(Nishida 1989);;;;N;
RUBIACEAE;Canthium?;sp.;;88/132; ;t;;;
RUBIACEAE;Crossopteryx??;sp.;;88/8; ;t;;;
RUBIACEAE;Gardenia or Rothmania;sp.;;mfotofoto; ;t;p;p (L only); 
RUBIACEAE;Rothmannia;sp.;;88/66-67; ;t;;;
RUBIACEAE;Temnocalyx;sp.;;mweswampofu;x;s; ;p;
RUBIACEAE;Xeromphis;sp.;;mpongolo;x;t;p;;
SAPINDACEAE;Allophylus;sp.;;88/14-122; ;t;;;
TILIACEAE;Grewia;platyclada;K. SCHUM.;(Nishida 1989);;;;N;
TILIACEAE;Grewia;sp.;;(Nishida 1989);;;;N;
URTICACEAE?;Laportea?;sp.;;88/143; ;l/s;r;;
VERBENACEAE;Vitex;doniana;SWEET;fulu; ;t; ;"a,e"; 
VERBENACEAE;Vitex;sp. 1  [could be doniana]; ;mpelapoli; ;t;;;
VERBENACEAE;Vitex;sp. 2;;88/77; ;t;;;
VIOLACEAE;Rinorea;ilicifolia;;88/23; ;t;s;;

MONOCOTYLEDONEAE
COMMELINACEAE;Aneilema;sp.;;88/20; ;h;;;
GRAMINEAE;Hyparrhenia;sp.;;(Nishida 1989);;h;;;
GRAMINEAE;Pennisetum;purpureum;SCHUMACH.;(Nishida 1989);;h;;;
ORCHIDACEAE;Bulbophyllum;sp.;;[bulb orchid]; ;h;;;
ORCHIDACEAE;Vanilla;imperiallis or polylepis;KRAENZL. or SUMMERH.;muyokayoka; ;l;r;;
PALMAE;Borassus;aethiopum;MART.;[borassus];;t;;N;
PALMAE;Eremospatha;haullevilleana?;DE WILD.;lugage;x;l;r;;
ZINGIBERACEAE;Aframomum?;sp.;;matunguru; ;h; ;"a,e";y