PIN Home > About the Primates > Primate Taxonomy

Primates Described Since 1990

Data provided by Anthony Rylands.

The following species and subspecies have been described since 1990. Please note that this list is presented without any judgement as to the validity or otherwise of the various primates described.

66 primates described since 1990.

New World Monkeys
Latin name	Described in	Common name
Callicebus aureipalatii	Wallace et al. 2006	golden palace monkey
Callicebus bernhardi	Van Roosmalen et al. 2000	Prince Bernhard's titi
Callicebus coimbrai	Kobayashi and Langguth 1999	Coimbra's titi
Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae Also known as: Callicebus barbarabrownae	Hershkovitz 1990	Barbara Brown's titi
Callicebus stephennashi	Van Roosmalen et al. 2000	Stephen Nash's titi
Callithrix acariensis	Van Roosmalen et al. 2000	Rio Acari marmoset
Callithrix argentata marcai Also known as: Callithrix marcai	Alperin 1993	Marca's marmoset
Callithrix humilis	Van Roosmalen et al. 1998	Roosmalen's dwarf marmoset
Callithrix manicorensis	Van Roosmalen et al. 2000	Manicore marmoset
Callithrix mauesi	Mittermeier, Schwarz and Ayres 1992	Rio Maues marmoset
Callithrix nigriceps	Ferrari and Lopes 1992	black-headed marmoset
Callithrix saterei	Silva and Noronha 1998	Satere marmoset
Cebus kaapori	Queiroz 1992	Kaapori capuchin
Cebus queirozi	Pontes, Malta and Asfora 2006	blond capuchin
Leontopithecus caissara	Lorini and Persson 1990	black-faced lion tamarin
Old World Monkeys
Latin name	Described in	Common name
Cercopithecus cephus ngottoensis	Colyn 1999	white-nosed moustached monkey
Cercopithecus erythrogaster pococki	Grubb, Lernould and Oates 1999	Nigeria white-throated guenon
Colobus badius semlikiensis Also known as: Piliocolobus foai semlikiensis	Colyn 1991	red colobus
Lophocebus kipunji	Jones et al. 2005	highland mangabey
Macaca munzala	Sinha et al. 2005	Arunachal macaque
Macaca pagensis siberu Also known as: Macaca siberu	Fuentes and Olson 1995	Siberut macaque
Miopithecus ogouensis	Kingdon 1997	Gabon talapoin
Presbytis melalophos bicolor	Aimi and Bakar 1992	Sumatran surili
Procolobus badius epieni Also known as: Piliocolobus pennantii epieni	Grubb and Powell 1999	Niger Delta red colobus
Pygathrix nemaeus cinerea Also known as: Pygathrix cinerea	Nadler 1997	gray-shanked douc langur
Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis	Wang, Jiang and Li 1998	Hubei golden snub-nosed monkey
Rhinopithecus roxellana qinlingensis	Wang, Jiang and Li 1998	Qinling golden snub-nosed monkey
Semnopithecus auratus ebenus Also known as: Trachypithecus ebenus	Brandon-Jones 1995	Indochinese black langur
Trachypithecus geei bhutanensis	Wangchuk, Inouye and Hare 2003	Bhutan langur
Prosimians
Latin name	Described in	Common name
Avahi cleesei	Thalmann and Geissmann 2005	Cleese's woolly lemur
Avahi unicolor	Thalmann and Geissmann 2000	Sambirano woolly lemur
Cheirogaleus minusculus	Groves 2000	lesser iron gray dwarf lemur
Cheirogaleus ravus	Groves 2000	greater iron gray dwarf lemur
Galagoides rondoensis Also known as: Galago rondoensis	Honess 1996	Rondo bushbaby
Galagoides udzungwensis Also known as: Galago udzungwensis	Honess 1996	Uzungwa bushbaby
Lepilemur aeeclis	Andriaholinirina et al. 2006	Antafia sportive lemur
Lepilemur ahmansoni	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Ahmanson's sportive lemur
Lepilemur betsileo	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Betsileo sportive lemur
Lepilemur fleuretae	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Fleurete's sportive lemur
Lepilemur grewcocki	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Grewcock's sportive lemur
Lepilemur hubbardi	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Hubbard's sportive lemur
Lepilemur jamesi	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	James' sportive lemur
Lepilemur milanoii	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Dariana sportive lemur
Lepilemur mittermeieri	Rabarivola et al. 2006	Mittermeier's sportive lemur
Lepilemur petteri	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Petter's sportive lemur
Lepilemur randrinanasoli	Andriaholinirina et al. 2006	Randrianasolo's sportive lemur
Lepilemur sahamalazensis	Andriaholinirina et al. 2006	Sahamalaza Peninsula sportive lemur
Lepilemur seali	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Seal's sportive lemur
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Hawks' sportive lemur
Lepilemur wrighti	Louis, Engberg et al. 2006	Wright's sportive lemur
Microcebus berthae	Rasoloarison et al. 2000	Madame Berthe's mouse lemur
Microcebus jollyae	Louis, Coles et al. 2006	Jolly's mouse lemur
Microcebus lehilahytsara	Roos and Kappeler in Kappeler et al. 2005	Goodman's mouse lemur
Microcebus mamiratra	Andriantompohavana et al. 2006	Claire's mouse lemur
Microcebus mittermeieri	Louis, Coles et al. 2006	Mittermeier's mouse lemur
Microcebus ravelobensis	Zimmerman et al. 1998	golden-brown mouse lemur
Microcebus sambiranensis	Rasoloarison et al. 2000	Sambirano mouse lemur
Microcebus simmonsi	Louis, Coles et al. 2006	Simmons' mouse lemur
Microcebus tavaratra	Rasoloarison et al. 2000	northern brown mouse lemur
Mirza zaza	Roos and Kappeler in Kappeler et al. 2005	northern giant mouse lemur
Phaner furcifer electromontis Also known as: Phaner electromontis	Groves and Tattersall 1991	Amber Mountain fork-marked dwarf lemur
Phaner furcifer pallescens Also known as: Phaner pallescens	Groves and Tattersall 1991	western fork-crowned dwarf lemur
Phaner furcifer parienti Also known as: Phaner parienti	Groves and Tattersall 1991	Sambirano fork-crowned dwarf lemur
Pseudopotto martini	Schwartz 1996	false potto
Tarsius dianae Also known as: Tarsius dentatus	Niemitz et al. 1991	Dian's tarsier
Tarsius lariang	Merker and Groves 2006	Lariang tarsier

REFERENCES

Aimi, M. and Bakar, A. 1992. Taxonomy and distribution of Presbytis melalophos group in Sumatra, Indonesia. Primates 33: 191-206. Find in PrimateLit

Alperin, R. 1993. Callithrix argentata (Linnaeus, 1771): considerações taxonômicas e descrição de subespécie nova. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Zool. 9(2): 317- 328. Find in PrimateLit

Andriaholinirina, N., Fausser, J.-L., Roos, C., Rabarivola, C., Ravoarimanana, I., Zinner, D., Thalmann,U., Ganzhorn, J. U., Meier, B., Hilgartner, R.,Walter, L., Zaramody, A., Langer, C., Hahn, T., Zimmermann, E., Radespiel, U., Craul, M., Tomiuk, J., Tattersall, I. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates). BMC Evolutionary Biology 6:17. Find in PrimateLit

Andriantompohavana, R. Zaonarivelo, J. R., Engberg, S. E., Randriamampionona, R., McGuire, S. M., Shore, G. D., Rakotonomenjanahary, R., Brenneman, R. A. & Louis Jr., E. E. 2006. Mouse lemurs of northwestern Madagascar with a description of a new species at Lokobe Special Reserve, Occ. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. (259): 1-24. Find in PrimateLit

Brandon-Jones, D. 1995. A revision of the Asian pied leaf monkeys (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae; Superspecies Semnopithecus auratus), with a description of a new subspecies. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43(1): 3-43. Find in PrimateLit

Colyn, M. 1991. L’ importance zoogéographique du bassin du fleuve Zaïre pour la speciation: La cas des Primates Simiens. Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, België, Annalen. Zoologische Wetenschappen 264: i-ix, 1-250. Find in PrimateLit

Colyn, M. 1999. Ètude populationnelle de la super-espèce Cercopithecus cephus habitant l’enclave forestière Sangha-Oubangui (République Centrafricaine). Description de C. cephus ngottoensis subsp.nov.) Mammalia 63(2): 137-147. Find in PrimateLit

Davenport, T. R. B., Stanley, W. T., Sargis, E., De Luca, D. W., Mpunga, N. E., Machaga, S. J. and Olson, L. 2006. A new genus of African monkey, Rungwecebus: morphology, ecology and molecular phylogenetics. Science 312: 1378-1381. Find in PrimateLit

Ferrari, S. F. and Lopes, M.A. 1992. A new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates) from western Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (12): 1-3. Find in PrimateLit

Froehlich, J. W., Supriatna, J., Hart, V. Akbar, S. and Babo, R. 1998. The Balan of Balantak: A possible new species of macaque in Central Sulawesi. Tropical Biodiversity 5(3): 167-184. Find in PrimateLit

Fuentes, A. and Olson, M. 1995. Preliminary observations and status of the Pagai macaque. Asian Primates 4(4): 1-4. (See Groves, C. P. 1986. The nomenclature of the Tanzanian mangabey and the Siberut macaque. Australian Primatol. 10(4): 2-5.) (See also: Whitten, A. J. and Whitten, J. E. J. 1982. Preliminary observations of the Mentawai macaque on Siberut Island, Indonesia. Int. J. Primatol. 3: 445-459) Find in PrimateLit

Groves C. and Tatterall I. 1991. Geographical variation in the fork-marked lemur, Phaner furcifer (Primates, Cheirogaleidae). Folia Primatologia 56: 39-49. Find in PrimateLit

Groves, C. P. 2000. The genus Cheirogaleus: Unrecognized biodiversity in dwarf lemurs. Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 943-962. Find in PrimateLit

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Find in PrimateLit

Grubb, P. and Powell, C. B. 1999. Discovery of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) in the Niger Delta with the description of a new and geographically isolated subspecies. J. Zool., Lond. 248: 67-73. Find in PrimateLit

Grubb, P., Lernould, J.-M. and Oates, J. F. 1999. Validation of Cercopithecus erythrogaster pococki as the name for the Nigerian white-throated guenon. Mammalia 63(3): 389-392. Find in PrimateLit

Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana, Zoology, New Series, (55): 1-109. Find in PrimateLit

Honess, P. E. 1996. Speciation Among Galagos (Primates: Galagidae) in Tanzanian Forests. Ph.D thesis, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Find in PrimateLit

Honess, P. E. and Bearder, S. 1996. Descriptions of the dwarf galago species of Tanzania. African Primates 2(2); 75-79. Find in PrimateLit

Jones, T., Ehardt, C. L., Butynski, T. M., Davenport, T. R. B., Mpunga, N. E., Machaga, S. J. and De Luca, D. W. 2005. The highland mangabey Lophocebus kipunji: A new species of African monkey. Science 308: 1161-1164. Find in PrimateLit

Kappler P., Rasoloarison R., Razafimanantsoa L., Walter L. and Roos C. 2005. Morphology, behaviour and molecular evolution of giant mouse lemurs (Mirza spp.) gray, 1970, with description of a new species. Primate Report 71: 3-26. Find in PrimateLit

Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego. Find in PrimateLit

Kobayashi, S. and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkey, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revta. Bras. Zool. 16(2): 531-551. Find in PrimateLit

Lorini M. and Persson V. 1990. [New species of Leontopithecus, Lesson 1840 from Southern Brazil (Primates, Callitrichidae).] Boletim do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janiero -- Zoologia 338: 1-14 Find in PrimateLit

Louis Jr. E. E., Coles, M. S., Andriantompohavana, R., Sommer, J. A., Engberg, S. E., Zaonarivelo, J. R., Mayor, M. I. and Brenneman, R. A. 2006. Revision of the mouse lemurs (Primates, Microcebus) of Madagascar. Int. J. Primatol. 27(2): 347-389. Find in PrimateLit

Louis Jr., E. E., Engberg, S. E., Lei, R., Geng, H., Sommer, J. A., Randriamampionona, R., Randriamanana, J. C., Zaonarivelo, J. R., Andriantompohavana, R., Randria, G., Prosper, Ramaromilanto, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rooney, A. and Brenneman, R. A. 2006. Molecular and morphological analyses of the sportive lemurs (Family Megaladapidae: Genus Lepilemur) reveals 11 previously unrecognized species. Spec. Publ. Texas Tech Univ. (49): 1-47. Website: < http://www.omahazoo.com/ccr/genetics/papers/lepi11.pdf>. Find in PrimateLit

Merker, S. and Groves, C. P. 2006. Tarsius lariang: A new primate species from western central Sulawesi. Int. J. Primatol. 27(2): 465-485. Find in PrimateLit

Mittermeier, R. A., Schwarz, M. and Ayres, J. M. 1992a. A new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Rio Maués region, state of Amazonas, Central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (14): 1-17. Find in PrimateLit

Nadler, T. von. 1997. A new subspecies of douc langur, Pygathrix nemaeus cinereus ssp. nov. Zool. Garten N. Z. 67(4): 165-176. Find in PrimateLit

Niemitz, C., Nietsch, A., Warter, S. and Rumpler Y. 1991. Tarsius dianae: a new primate species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Folia Primatol. 56:105-116. Find in PrimateLit

Pontes, A. R. M., Malta, A and Asfora, P. H. 2006. A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus, Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Center. Zootaxa 1200: 1–12. Website: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/. Accessed 15 May 2006. Find in PrimateLit

Queiroz, H. L. 1992. A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben 1977 (Cebidae, Primates), from eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (15): 1-3. Find in PrimateLit

Rabarivola, C., Zaramody, A., Fausser, J.-L., Andriaholinirina, N., Roos, C., Zinner, D., Marcel H. and Rumpler, Y. 2006. Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of a new species of sportive lemur from northern Madagascar. Lemur News (11): 45-49. Find in PrimateLit

Rasoloarison, R. M., Goodman, S. M. and Ganzhorn, J. U. 2000. Taxonomic revision of mouse lemurs (Microcebus) in the western portions of Madagascar. Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 963-1019. Find in PrimateLit

Schwartz, J., H. 1996. Pseudopotto martini: A new genus and species of extant lorisiforme primate. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 78: 1-14. (See also Groves, C. P. 1997-1998. Pseudopotto martini: A new potto? African Primates 3(1-2): 42-43; Bearder, S. 1997-1998. Pseudopotto: When is a potto not a potto? African Primates 3(1-2): 43-44; Sarmiento, E. 1997-1998. The validity of “Pseudopotto martini”. African Primates 3(1-2): 44-45. Find in PrimateLit

Silva Jr., J. S. and Noronha, M. de A. 1998. On a new species of bare-eared marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777, from central Amazonia, Brazil (Primates: Callitrichidae). Goeldiana Zoologia (21): 1-28. Find in PrimateLit

Sinha, A., Datta, A., Madhusudan, M. D. and Mishra, C. 2005. Macaca munzala: A new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Int. J. Primatol. 26(4): 977-989. Supriatna, J. and Hendras, W., E. 2000. Primata Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta. 332pp. Find in PrimateLit

Thalmann, U. and Geissmann, T. 2000. Distribution and geographic variation in the western woolly lemur (Avahi occidentalis) with description of a new species (A. unicolor). Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 915-941. Find in PrimateLit

Thalmann, U. and Geissmann, T. 2005. New species of woolly lemur Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes) from Bemaraha (Central Western Madagascar). Am. J. Primatol. 67(3): 371-376. Find in PrimateLit

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R. A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903. with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi. Neotrop. Primates 10(suppl.): 1-52. Find in PrimateLit

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T., Mittermeier, R. A. and Fonseca, G. A. B. da. 1998. A new and distinctive species of marmoset (Callitrichidae, Primates) from the lower Rio Aripuanã, state of Amazonas, central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (22): 1-27. Find in PrimateLit

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T., Mittermeier, R. A. and Rylands, A. B. 2000. Two new Species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Tapajós/Madeira interfluvium, south central Amazonia, Brazil. Neotrop. Primates 8(1): 1-18. Find in PrimateLit

Wallace, R. B., Gómez, H., Felton A. and Felton A. M. 2006. On a new species of titi monkey, genus Callicebus Thomas (Primates, Pitheciidae) from western Bolivia with preliminary notes on distribution and abundance. Primate Conserv. (20): 29-39. Find in PrimateLit

Wang Y., Jiang X. and Li D. 1998. Classification and distribution of the extant subspecies of golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus [Rhinopithecus] roxellana). In: The Natural History of the Doucs and Snub-nosed Monkeys, N. G. Jablonski (ed.), pp.53-64. Recent Advances in Human Biology, Vol. 4. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore. (See also: Wang Y., Jiang X. and Lid D. 1994. Classification of existing subspecies on golden snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana (Colobinae, Primates). In: Handbook and Absrtracts. XVth Congress of the International Primatological Society, 3-8 August 1994, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, p.277. Abstract) Find in PrimateLit

Wangchuk, T., Inouye, D. W. and Hare, M. P. 2003. A new subspecies of golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) from Bhutan. Folia Primatologica 74: 104-108. Find in PrimateLit

Zimmerman, E., Cepok, S., Rakotoarison, N., Zietemann, V. and Radespiel, U. 1998. Sympatric mouse lemurs in north-west Madagascar: A new rufous mouse lemur species. Folia Primatol. 69: 106-114. Find in PrimateLit